Īs mentioned, there is a Brazilian Portuguese version of the PPAQ validated for the Brazilian population. The psychometric analysis comprises the assessment of the quality of an instrument, based on proof of reliability and validity. įor the cultural adaptation of an instrument, according to the European Group on Health Outcomes (ERGHO), both an evaluation of the linguistic or semantic equivalence and an evaluation of the psychometric properties following established guidelines and standards for cultural adaptation are necessary. Taken altogether, that allows the collection of reliable data and facilitates the comparison and discussion of the results of different studies, including studies at an international level. It has been translated and validated for several countries, namely: Vietnam, Brazil, Turkey, Spain, Poland, Japan, China, France, Arabia, South Korea and Denmark, as it has already been used in numerous clinical studies. It measures the frequency and duration of different types of activities and provides an intensity value for each activity. The “Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire” (PPAQ) is a self-administered questionnaire that was developed to measure and assess levels of PA among pregnant women. In spite of that, few are appropriate for the specific condition of the pregnancy. There are several questionnaires to assess PA due to the expansion that this topic has in terms of public health and research, such as the IPAQ (The International Physical Activity Questionnaire), the KPAS (Kaiser Physical Activity Survey) and the PIN3 (Pregnancy Infection and Nutrition 3). Questionnaires are a simple assessment tool: they have the ability to be self-administered, non-invasive, and do not require expensive and complicated technical equipment. Henceforth, designing tools to monitor and assess PA during pregnancy is essential at this point, valid and reliable instruments are necessary. It also improves sleep quality, well-being, and self-esteem, promoting a better quality of life and good physical and mental health. The practice of regular PA during pregnancy generates positive effects on the health of women and babies, such as gestational weight control, reduction of gestational diabetes (reduction in maternal glucose and insulin levels and increase in maternal insulin sensitivity), and pre-eclampsia, as well as the reduction in the number of cesarean deliveries. A large body of data has demonstrated the importance of PA during pregnancy and various organizations recommend PA during pregnancy such as the United States Department of Health & Human Services (USDHHS), the World Health Organization (WHO), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American College of Sports Medicine (CDC/ACSM). Physical Activity (PA) is defined as “any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure”.
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